Science Museum Group | Details | Correspondence accumulated by Timothy Hackworth

Sidebar content	Main content
Actions	Correspondence accumulated by Timothy Hackworth Remove from selection Add to selection TitleCorrespondence accumulated by Timothy Hackworth ReferenceHACK/1/1 CreatorHackworth, Timothy Timothy Hackworth was born on 22 December 1786 in Wylam, Northumberland, he was the eldest of three sons and five daughters. His father was John Hackworth, master blacksmith at Wylam colliery and his mother Elizabeth Sanderson of Newcastle. Hackworth was apprenticed to his father at Wylam, where he later worked for Christopher Blackett and the coal viewer William Hedley and went on to be responsible for engines the ‘Wylam Grasshopper’ and the ‘Wylam Dilly’. Hackworth left Wylam in 1816 because of the Sunday working hours which conflicted with his Methodist beliefs. He moved to Warbottle Colliery where he worked for William Patter as a foreman blacksmith. Timothy Hackworth and Jane Hackworth (nee Golightly) were married in 1813 at Ovingham Parish Church, both were converted Methodists. They had six daughters and three sons. One son, Thomas died shortly after his birth. Hackworth then moved to Forth Street Works in Newcastle; a works built to construct engines for the Stockton and Darlington Railway. He managed the works whilst George and Robert Stephenson were away the former surveying Liverpool and Manchester Railway line and the latter working in South America. Apparently around this time Hackworth was offered the job of manager and a share in Forth Street Works but declined this offer. In 1825 he moved to Shildon to take up position of locomotive superintendent, manager and contractor for the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company. During this time he built marine engines, coal stathes at Middlesbrough and doubled the line between Brusselton foot and Stockton. He also designed locomotives for the line including the ‘Royal George’ a high performing locomotive which featured the ‘blast pipe’ an invention that discharged exhaust steam through a converging nozzle blast pipe in the chimney, greatly increasing combustion intensity and steam production. Went on to design more locos including ‘‘Majestic’’ and ‘’Wilberforce’’ type locomotives these were manufactured by Stephenson and co and R & W Hawthorne. Hackworth entered his locomotive ‘‘Sanspareil’’ into the Rainhill Trials of 1829; a competition initiated by the directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company. The Sanspareil was not successful and Robert Stephenson’s ‘‘Rocket’’ won the contest. The Sanspareil was purchased by the directors for £500 went on to run successfully on the Bolton and Leigh Railway until 1844. It has been suggested that a cylinder of the Sanspareil had been sabotaged by in the Forth Street, thus resulting in Hackworth losing the trail, however this view has generally been dismissed by historians. In 1833 Hackworth ceased to be a salaried employee and instead contracted work to the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company and also did work on a private basis. By this time his role had evolved from superintendent of locomotives to also managing the workshops, tools and machinery. Private contracts that he carried out during this time including manufacturing an engine for the Russian government in 1836, which John Wesley Hackworth couriered to Russia and manufacturing locomotives for the Albion Coal Mining Company in Nova Scotia, order by John Buddle in 1838. In 1840 Hackworth gave up his contract with the Stockton and Darlington Railway concentrated on his own works in Soho works in Shildon. He took over the works from his brother Thomas Hackworth who had run Hackworth and Downing from the premises. Timothy fulfilled contracts for the Clarence Railway and various collieries and also built stationary marine and industrial engines. In 1846 began to build engines for the London and Brighton Railway when John Gray was Locomotive superintendent. Gray designed a class of express passenger locomotives and the whole of this class (12 engines) was built by Timothy Hackworth at Soho 1846-1848. In 1849 Hackworth built Sanspareil no. 1, he had difficulty selling this locomotive and it remained unsold by the time of his death of typhus on 7 July 1850 at Soho Works, Shildon after an outbreak in the area. His sons and other relatives went on to be engineers. His eldest son, John Wesley Hackworth did a lot of work to promote his fathers memory after he died. His daughters, friends, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and ancestors to this day have worked to try and gain him a prominent place in railway history. Notably his grandson Robert Young wrote Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive (London: Locomotive Publishing Company, 1923) in a bid to preserve and promote his memory. Date c 1825 - 27 December 1849 Scope and ContentLetters are written in both a business and personal capacity to and from a wide variety of correspondents. The series contains letters from, or on behalf of various prominent railway individuals including George and Robert Stephenson, Edward and Joseph Pease, George and John Dixon, Michael Longridge, William Hunter, John Robson Kay, Thomas Wrigley, Thomas Cabry and includes one letter from the office of George Hudson. It also contains early correspondence from Robert Young (sr), an early engine driver. Personal letters are friendly and often religious discussing Methodist matters including one letter from John Wesley Hackworth whilst he was at school. Earliest letters discuss work on the Etherley and Brusselton inclines on the Stockton and Darlington Railway, with inclines also being mentioned later on in the series. Further on in the series letters describe operational railway issues, for example the possibility that horses were beating off engines on the Stockton and Darlington line, the use of stationary engines instead of locomotives, the use of ropes. The use of bellows by George Stephenson is discussed in the 'blast pipe' letter (HACK/1/1/11). The letter is purported to show that Timothy Hackworth was responsible for this invention, as Stephenson was still using bellows at this time. This letter is frequently discussed later in the archive by members of the family and other interested parties. Letters from 1829 include letters from John Urpeth Rastrick and James Walker who compiled a report assessing the merits of locomotive power as opposed to horses. Letters from October of the same year describe the Rainhill Trails and discuss the performance of Timothy Hackworth’s Sanspareil. Letters also describe the Sanspareil’s performance including a letter from Alfred Kitching that describes some of George Stephenson’s unsuccessful locomotives. 1841 Timothy Hackworth moves out of the Stockton and Darlington workshops to concentrate on his own workshops at Soho Works, Shildon. By 1847 letters are evidence of Timothy Hackworth’s work for the London and Brighton Railway. In 1849 correspondence shows Timothy Hackworth unsuccessful attempt to sell his locomotive 'Sanspareil 2', including correspondence with J.E. McConnell of the London North Western Railway. Extent46 items Levelseries Repository nameNational Railway Museum, York Related object Letter from Timothy Hackworth (Sr), Brighton to Timothy Hackworth (Jr), Soho Works, Shildon Letter from Timothy Hackworth (Sr), Aldridge’s Eating House, Surrey Street, Brighton to Timothy Hackworth (Jr), Soho Works, Shildon Letter from Timothy Hackworth (Sr), Darlington to Timothy Hackworth (Jr) Letter from Timothy Hackworth (Sr), Soho Works, Shildon to Jane Young (nee Hackworth), Page Hall, Penrith Notes System of arrangementLetters have been arranged in chronological order. Some letters have been numbered in the top left hand corner; however no clear original order could be ascertained. Numbers do not seem to indicate date order, as earlier letters can have higher numbers than later ones. Numbers do not seem to indicate subjects or have any relation to copies/replies. It is possible that this was numbering was carried out at a later date by a member of the family. Hierarchy browser HACK Hackworth Family Archive 1810 - 1980 fonds contains 9 parts HACK/1 Papers of Timothy Hackworth and Jane Hackworth (nee Golightly) 1825 - 1852 sub-fonds contains 3 parts HACK/1/1 Correspondence accumulated by Timothy Hackworth c 1825 - 27 December 1849 series contains 50 parts

TitleCorrespondence accumulated by Timothy Hackworth

ReferenceHACK/1/1

Timothy Hackworth was born on 22 December 1786 in Wylam, Northumberland, he was the eldest of three sons and five daughters. His father was John Hackworth, master blacksmith at Wylam colliery and his mother Elizabeth Sanderson of Newcastle. Hackworth was apprenticed to his father at Wylam, where he later worked for Christopher Blackett and the coal viewer William Hedley and went on to be responsible for engines the ‘Wylam Grasshopper’ and the ‘Wylam Dilly’. Hackworth left Wylam in 1816 because of the Sunday working hours which conflicted with his Methodist beliefs. He moved to Warbottle Colliery where he worked for William Patter as a foreman blacksmith.

Timothy Hackworth and Jane Hackworth (nee Golightly) were married in 1813 at Ovingham Parish Church, both were converted Methodists. They had six daughters and three sons. One son, Thomas died shortly after his birth.

Hackworth then moved to Forth Street Works in Newcastle; a works built to construct engines for the Stockton and Darlington Railway. He managed the works whilst George and Robert Stephenson were away the former surveying Liverpool and Manchester Railway line and the latter working in South America. Apparently around this time Hackworth was offered the job of manager and a share in Forth Street Works but declined this offer. In 1825 he moved to Shildon to take up position of locomotive superintendent, manager and contractor for the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company. During this time he built marine engines, coal stathes at Middlesbrough and doubled the line between Brusselton foot and Stockton. He also designed locomotives for the line including the ‘Royal George’ a high performing locomotive which featured the ‘blast pipe’ an invention that discharged exhaust steam through a converging nozzle blast pipe in the chimney, greatly increasing combustion intensity and steam production. Went on to design more locos including ‘‘Majestic’’ and ‘’Wilberforce’’ type locomotives these were manufactured by Stephenson and co and R & W Hawthorne.

Hackworth entered his locomotive ‘‘Sanspareil’’ into the Rainhill Trials of 1829; a competition initiated by the directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company. The Sanspareil was not successful and Robert Stephenson’s ‘‘Rocket’’ won the contest. The Sanspareil was purchased by the directors for £500 went on to run successfully on the Bolton and Leigh Railway until 1844. It has been suggested that a cylinder of the Sanspareil had been sabotaged by in the Forth Street, thus resulting in Hackworth losing the trail, however this view has generally been dismissed by historians.

In 1833 Hackworth ceased to be a salaried employee and instead contracted work to the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company and also did work on a private basis. By this time his role had evolved from superintendent of locomotives to also managing the workshops, tools and machinery. Private contracts that he carried out during this time including manufacturing an engine for the Russian government in 1836, which John Wesley Hackworth couriered to Russia and manufacturing locomotives for the Albion Coal Mining Company in Nova Scotia, order by John Buddle in 1838.

In 1840 Hackworth gave up his contract with the Stockton and Darlington Railway concentrated on his own works in Soho works in Shildon. He took over the works from his brother Thomas Hackworth who had run Hackworth and Downing from the premises. Timothy fulfilled contracts for the Clarence Railway and various collieries and also built stationary marine and industrial engines. In 1846 began to build engines for the London and Brighton Railway when John Gray was Locomotive superintendent. Gray designed a class of express passenger locomotives and the whole of this class (12 engines) was built by Timothy Hackworth at Soho 1846-1848. In 1849 Hackworth built Sanspareil no. 1, he had difficulty selling this locomotive and it remained unsold by the time of his death of typhus on 7 July 1850 at Soho Works, Shildon after an outbreak in the area.

His sons and other relatives went on to be engineers. His eldest son, John Wesley Hackworth did a lot of work to promote his fathers memory after he died. His daughters, friends, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and ancestors to this day have worked to try and gain him a prominent place in railway history. Notably his grandson Robert Young wrote Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive (London: Locomotive Publishing Company, 1923) in a bid to preserve and promote his memory.

Date

c 1825 - 27 December 1849

Scope and ContentLetters are written in both a business and personal capacity to and from a wide variety of correspondents. The series contains letters from, or on behalf of various prominent railway individuals including George and Robert Stephenson, Edward and Joseph Pease, George and John Dixon, Michael Longridge, William Hunter, John Robson Kay, Thomas Wrigley, Thomas Cabry and includes one letter from the office of George Hudson. It also contains early correspondence from Robert Young (sr), an early engine driver. Personal letters are friendly and often religious discussing Methodist matters including one letter from John Wesley Hackworth whilst he was at school.

Earliest letters discuss work on the Etherley and Brusselton inclines on the Stockton and Darlington Railway, with inclines also being mentioned later on in the series. Further on in the series letters describe operational railway issues, for example the possibility that horses were beating off engines on the Stockton and Darlington line, the use of stationary engines instead of locomotives, the use of ropes. The use of bellows by George Stephenson is discussed in the 'blast pipe' letter (HACK/1/1/11). The letter is purported to show that Timothy Hackworth was responsible for this invention, as Stephenson was still using bellows at this time. This letter is frequently discussed later in the archive by members of the family and other interested parties.

Letters from 1829 include letters from John Urpeth Rastrick and James Walker who compiled a report assessing the merits of locomotive power as opposed to horses. Letters from October of the same year describe the Rainhill Trails and discuss the performance of Timothy Hackworth’s Sanspareil. Letters also describe the Sanspareil’s performance including a letter from Alfred Kitching that describes some of George Stephenson’s unsuccessful locomotives.

1841 Timothy Hackworth moves out of the Stockton and Darlington workshops to concentrate on his own workshops at Soho Works, Shildon. By 1847 letters are evidence of Timothy Hackworth’s work for the London and Brighton Railway. In 1849 correspondence shows Timothy Hackworth unsuccessful attempt to sell his locomotive 'Sanspareil 2', including correspondence with J.E. McConnell of the London North Western Railway.

Extent46 items

Levelseries

Repository nameNational Railway Museum, York

Related object

Letter from Timothy Hackworth (Sr), Brighton to Timothy Hackworth (Jr), Soho Works, Shildon

Letter from Timothy Hackworth (Sr), Aldridge’s Eating House, Surrey Street, Brighton to Timothy Hackworth (Jr), Soho Works, Shildon

Letter from Timothy Hackworth (Sr), Darlington to Timothy Hackworth (Jr)

Letter from Timothy Hackworth (Sr), Soho Works, Shildon to Jane Young (nee Hackworth), Page Hall, Penrith

Notes

System of arrangementLetters have been arranged in chronological order. Some letters have been numbered in the top left hand corner; however no clear original order could be ascertained. Numbers do not seem to indicate date order, as earlier letters can have higher numbers than later ones. Numbers do not seem to indicate subjects or have any relation to copies/replies. It is possible that this was numbering was carried out at a later date by a member of the family.