Messrs George Fox & Sons Cotton Spinners

John Howard and John Bullough formed a partnership as Howard & Bullough Limited in 1856. Howard had previously been in partnership with a Mr Bleakley, operating as Howard & Bleakley from 1851 to 1856. The company manufactured textile machinery at its Globe Works premises in Accrington, Lancashire.

Prior to joining John Howard in partnership, John Bullough had worked with William Kenworthy to develop the Lancashire Loom in 1842. Bullough's innovative engineering helped to establish Howard & Bullough Limited as the world's major manufacturer of power looms by the 1860s.

John Bullough's son James joined the company in 1862. Over the following years, the company expanded production to include the full range of machinery used in cotton mills. By the 1890s, the company was the largest manufacturer of ring spinning frames in the world. At its peak, the company employed almost 6000 workers and supplied 75% of its output to countries around the world.

John Bullough died in 1891, by which time he was the first cotton machine manufacturer to become a millionaire.

In 1914, members of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers sought union recognition and a minimum wage from their employers. When Howard & Bullough Limited refused to meet their demands, 600 of the workforce took strike action. The company responded by locking out the entire workforce.

In 1931 the company joined with several other Lancashire textile machinery companies to form Textile Machinery Makers Ltd in an effort to beat the economic depression. Each partner company continued to trade under its own name until the partnership was rationalised into one company in 1970 and renamed Platt UK Ltd. Following the acquisition of the American Saco-Lowell corporation in 1973, Platt UK Ltd changed its name to Platt Saco Lowell in 1975. It was through this series of mergers and acquisitions that the former Howard & Bullough Globe Works in Accrington became part of Platt Saco Lowell. Globe Works closed in 1993.

Walter T Glover established his wire manufacturing company in 1868, occupying premises at the Bridgewater Street Iron Works in Salford. W T Glover & Co, known as Glover’s, originally made cotton-covered and braided, insulated copper wires for use on bell, signalling and telephone circuits. As trade developed, the company moved to the Springfield Lane Cable Works in 1880. At this time, factories and larger private homes were beginning to install electric lighting, which required better insulated cable. Glover's started to manufacture cables covered with between one and three layers of rubber strip, waterproof tape and compounded cotton braid. In the late 1880s, Glover's began to make lead-sheathed cables for underground use. The company became a limited company and moved to Trafford Park in 1898, securing the exclusive rights for the supply of electricity to all the roads, streets and premises of Trafford Park. In June 1919, Vickers Ltd took over Glover's. Although Vickers held most of the shares, Glover's kept its name and management. In 1929 the Vickers group reorganised and sold its shares in Glover's to Sir Tom Callendar of Callendar Cable and Construction Co. Some shares later went to W. T. Henley's Telegraph Works Ltd. and British Insulated Cables.

In 1945, Glover’s became part of British Insulated Callenders Cables Limited, following the merger of Callenders Cable and Construction Co and British Insulated Cables.

During the 1950s, Glover’s developed high voltage submarine power cables, used to link centres of population with sources of generation. The parent company formed a subsidiary, BIC (Submarine) Cables Ltd, to manufacture and install the Glover’s cables. Glover's submarine cables linked England and France, and the north and south islands of New Zealand. Increasing competition from other cable manufacturing companies resulted in the south side of Glover’s Trafford Parks works integrating with the newly formed Wiring and General Cables Division of the British Insulated Cables Company (BICC). The Trafford Park factory closed in 1970, but the Glover’s brand continued as part of BICC.

Cotton machinery manufacturer, Manchester, based at Union Iron Works, West Gorton, Manchester, and Junction Iron Works, Newton Heath, Manchester. The firm was founded by Samuel Brooks in 1859 and became Brooks and Doxey in 1892 when R.A. Doxey joined as partner. In 1931, Brooks and Doxey sold their textile machinery making assets to Textile Machinery Makers (TMM) in return for shares. The individual units continued to trade under their own names until the 1970s, when they were rationalised into one company called Platt UK Ltd.

James Mudd was born in Halifax in 1821, the son of Alice and Robert Mudd. In the late 1830s, the family moved to Manchester and James began an apprenticeship as a pattern designer. In 1846, James and his brother Robert opened their own textile design business at 44 George Street. A year earlier, James had married Ann Peacock and their only child, James Willis, was born in 1848.

James Mudd's interest in photography probably began soon after his apprenticeship. His earliest known photographs were landscapes taken using the waxed paper process in 1854. It seems likely that he learned most of what he knew about photographic techniques and processes from Joseph Sidebotham, whom he met in the same year, and Sidebotham’s teacher, John Benjamin Dancer. Dancer was an important Manchester scientific instrument maker who had practised photography since its introduction in 1839.

In 1857, James and Robert Mudd opened a photographic studio at 94 Cross Street, Manchester, where they also sold photographic equipment. By 1861, James Mudd had acquired a new studio in his own name in the fashionable area of St. Ann's Square, Manchester. He also hired an assistant, George Wardley, to help with studio portraiture. After six years, Wardley left Mudd's employment to open a studio of his own in Salford.

In about 1862, James S Platt, a pattern designer, became Mudd's business partner in the textile design business he had started with his brother. Two years later, Platt took over the design business on his own account. This suggests the photographic studio was doing well enough for Mudd to rely on it for his income.

In 1873, James Willis Mudd joined his father in the photographic studio, the new company becoming known as James Mudd & Sons. The company hired a new assistant, George Grundy, in about 1880. Grundy remained in Mudd's employment until the studio officially passed to him in about 1900, although it seems likely that he was already managing the studio before then. The business continued to be known as James Mudd & Sons until the death of Mudd in 1906, when it became G. Grundy & Sons. George Grundy stayed in business until about 1924, having moved his studio to St Ann's Passage, off King Street, Manchester.

James Mudd is thought to be the first Englishman to photograph industrial subjects on a regular basis. In 1856 he took on the first of several commissions to photograph locomotives and machinery made at the Beyer, Peacock works, Gorton, Manchester. Mudd experimented with the wet collodion process but found it too difficult to produce a picture of acceptable quality. As a result, he reverted to using waxed paper negatives for a few months, until the beginning of 1857 when he began using the dry collodion process. He then used dry collodion almost exclusively until he retired in about 1900.

In 1861, Mudd began applying dark varnish to industrial photographs to mask out the background so that the subject was clearly delineated. This was more useful for foundry records and publications than if parts of the surrounding factory intruded on the picture. Mudd's assistant, George Grundy, may have taken over the production of Beyer, Peacock photographs in the 1880s.

Mudd's photographic inventory of locomotives built by the local firm of Beyer, Peacock was published in 1861 by Cundall & Co. Mudd's success with the Beyer, Peacock photographs may have led to other non-industrial commissions. In the summer of 1857, James and Robert Mudd were commissioned to take 11 photographs as evidence for the Pendleton Alum Works indictment. James Mudd also took 'pictorial' photographs and entered many of them in important exhibitions. The first of these was a Manchester Photographic Society exhibition in 1856. He received his first medal at the 1860 Photographic Society of Scotland exhibition for Waterfall near Coniston.

Towards the end of his life, James Mudd concentrated on painting and drawing. His subjects were the landscape and marine views which had been the subjects of his exhibition photographs. He exhibited paintings at least five times in the 1880s, including some work at the Liverpool Autumn Exhibition held at the Walker Art Gallery.

In the early 1870s, Mudd was inspired to illustrate Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner. The drawings were published in a booklet by the Coleridge Society in Manchester.

James Mudd died in Bowdon in 1906 at the age of 85. He was a very versatile photographer who took many important photographs, portraits and prize-winning photographs of artistic subjects. His technical expertise was much greater than many other photographers of his time.