First became interested in aviation whilst working at the Empress Motor Works, Manchester a year later he went to Brooklands to be a mechanic for the French pilot, Maurice Ducrocq. In 1914 joined the Royal Naval Air Service as an instructor, having held a flying certificate for two years. In 1916 he was posted to the Middle East, where he was a member of the Number 2 wing in the Eastern Mediterranean. Operating out of the base in Mudros, Alcock made many daring bombing raids. He nearly lost his life in 1917 when his plane experienced engine failure and he and his crew were forced to ditch their plane at sea. When they swam ashore, they were taken prisoners by the Turks. After the armistice, he was released, and he left the Royal Air Force in March of 1919. On June 14, 1919, Alcock, along with his navigator, Lieutenant Arthur Whitten Brown, left St. John's, Newfoundland and flew across the Atlantic, a distance of 1,960 miles to Clifden, Ireland in 15 hours and 57 minutes. For this record-breaking flight he was created Knight Commander Order of the British Empire, by George V at Buckingham Palace on June 21, 1919. On December 18, 1919, Sir John Alcock, KBE, DSC, flew to Paris to exhibit a Vickers Viking amphibian aircraft. On his landing at Cote d'Evrard he sustained a skull fracture. He was taken to a hospital in Rouen, but he never regained consciousness and he died that very same day.

Born 23 July 1886 in Glasgow, but educated in Manchester. Brown served an apprenticeship with the British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company (later Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company Ltd) at Trafford Park, Manchester. In January 1915 he gained a commission in the Manchester regiment and took part in the second battle of Ypres before being transferred to the Royal Flying Corps and trained as an observer. In November 1915 he permanently injured one leg when he was shot down over Valenciennes in France. He remained a prisoner of war of the Germans until he was repatriated in September 1917. He then worked in the aircraft production department of the Ministry of Munitions until the end of the war. In 1919 Brown, visited Vickers of Weybridge seeking a post, shortly after the firm had decided to make an attempt on the first direct flight across the Atlantic for the prize of £10,000 offered by the Daily Mail. Brown was offered the position of navigator, alongside John Alcock as pilot. After the flight, Brown returned to work for Vickers Ltd and then again for Metropolitan-Vickers. During the Second World War he returned to the Royal Air Force in order to train pilots in navigation and engineering, though he never flew again after Alcock's death in 1919. He died at his home in Swansea on 4 October 1948 from an accidental overdose of veronal. A memorial to Alcock and Whitten Brown was erected in 1952, near the field from which they took off at St John's, by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. A memorial by William McMillan was erected at London Heathrow airport.

The Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 enabled towns to be granted a charter of incorporation after the inhabitants and householders had made an application to the Privy Council. The Charter of Incorporation was given to the town on the 23 October 1838 and allowed the six townships of Manchester, Cheetham, Hulme, Ardwick, Chorlton on Medlock and Beswick to become incorporate and provide the mechanism to set up the Borough of Manchester, made up of a Mayor, 16 aldermen and 48 councillors. In 1844 the council resolved by an Act of Parliament for the good governance, regulation and policing of the borough by purchase the manorial rights of the Manor of Manchester from the then Lord of the Manor, Sir Oswald Mosely. This was duly done and although the council had a greater control over the well-being and safety of its inhabitants it was still a town. Manchester did not achieve city status until 1853, only the second one to be granted since the Reformation.

The Foreign Office was established on 27 March 1782, when Britain's Secretary of State for the Northern Department became Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and his secretariat officially became known as the Foreign Office. The department took on the government's foreign affairs functions. Domestic affairs became the responsibility of the Home Office. On 17 October 1968, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) was created when the Foreign Office (FO) merged with the Commonwealth Office and the Diplomatic Service Administration Office.