The General Electric Company (GEC) was created as the General Electric Apparatus Company in 1886 by Hugo Hirst and Gustav Byng from a small electrical business established in London by Byng (Gustav Binswanger and Company, using Byng's original name). In 1887 GEC published the first electrical catalogue of its kind. The following year the company acquired its first factory in Manchester where telephones, electric bells, ceiling roses and switches were manufactured. In 1889, the General Electric Co. Ltd. was formed as a private limited company and moved to larger premises at 71, Queen Victoria Street. Now known also as G.E.C., the company was expanding rapidly, opening new branches and factories. Initially manufacture was focussed on electric bells and light fittings, but this expanded to a wide range of electrical equipment - resulting in the firm's slogan 'Everything Electrical'. In 1893, GEC decided to invest in lamp manufacture. The resulting company, (to become Osram in 1909), was to lead the way in lamp design and the burgeoning demand for electric lighting was to make GEC's fortune. In 1900, GEC was incorporated as a public limited company, The General Electric Company (1900) Ltd, (the '1900' was dropped three years later). In 1902, GEC's first purpose-built factory, the Witton Engineering Works was opened near Birmingham which designed and manufactured electrical equipment and machines. Rapidly growing private and commercial use of electricity ensured buoyant demand and the company expanded both at home and overseas, with the establishment of agencies in Europe, Japan, Australia, South Africa and India and a substantial export trade to South America. The outbreak of the First World War transformed GEC into a major player in the electrical industry with profits to match. The company was heavily involved in the war effort, with products such as radios, signalling lamps and arc-lamp carbons. Between the wars, GEC expanded to become an international corporation and a national institution. The take-over of Fraser and Chalmers in 1918 took GEC into heavy engineering and consolidated their claim to supply 'Everything Electrical'. Other major factories included Osram Lamps at Hammersmith and the telephone works in Coventry. During the 1920s, the company was heavily involved in the creation of the UK national grid. In addition, the opening of the new purpose built company headquarters in Kingsway, London in 1921, and the pioneering industrial research laboratories at Wembley in 1923, were symbolic of the continuing expansion of both GEC and the electrical industry. The company took over several companies in the Birmingham area and elsewhere. After being a minor player in tram equipment, the company entered the heavy rail electric traction market in the 1920’s and 30’s. During the Second World War, GEC was a major supplier to the military of electrical and engineering products. Significant contributions to the war effort included the development of the cavity magnetron for radar, advances in communications technology and the on-going mass production of lamps and lighting equipment. After the war the company continued in the full range of electrical equipment from electronics to atomic power stations, but was not very profitable. In 1961, after a failed takeover bid from the English Electric Company, GEC took over Radio and Allied Industries, a small but very profitable television set manufacturer. Michael Sobell and Arnold Weinstock from this company became GEC directors with a substantial shareholding. Weinstock became managing director in 1963 and undertook drastic changes to make the company more profitable. The rail traction operations were closed and the heavy electrical/ power station businesses were sold to Parsons. A number of ex GEC employees were recruited by Associated Electrical Industries (AEI). A hostile takeover bid was made for AEI in 1967 and the relative profitability/share prices enabled GEC to take over the much larger AEI. In 1968 English Electric agreed to merge with GEC. Further takeovers and mergers made the company one of the largest private employers in the UK. In 1989, Arnold Weinstock agreed a merger between the power and transport businesses of GEC and those of Alsthom of France, part of Compagnie Générale d’Electricité (CGE) to form GEC Alsthom. While Weinstock was in charge the UK arm, the company continued to prosper, but after his death of his son in 1996 he was asked to retire and most of the company’s operations were transferred to France, or were sold off. Small sales and service operations remain for some of the products. Many of the factories have been demolished, with only Stafford continuing on a moderate scale.

Manufacturers of the Magicoal electric fire, Berry's automatic water heaters and Fool-proof Ironclad Switchgear.

1874-1968 photographic chemist and manufacturer of photographic apparatus, based in Manchester. The company was started by Josiah Chapman, when his partnership in Payne and Chapman Chemist ended. J.T. Chapman was originally based in Deansgate, Manchester, and moved to the new Scottish Provident Buildings at 7 Albert Square Manchester in 1883. Chapman was one of the first manufacturers of geltine bromide dry plates. His formula was used by Hurter & Driffield in their investigations on sensitometry because of its accurate standardisation. Chapman's formula was published in 1873 in the British Journal of Photography. The Chapman dry plate was initially called the 'Lancashire' but was soon changed to the 'Manchester'. J T Chapman died in 1907 and the business, now a limited company, was run by William Hughes. In 1917, Chapman’s son, James Gardiner took over the running of the business. In 1920 the company built works at Old Trafford for developing and printing. In 1928 they were taken over by a subsidiary of Kodak Ltd, and in 1968 the company merged with Frederick Foxall Limited to become Foxall & Chapman

Company founded by John West and located at engineering works in Miles Platting, Manchester. Company specialsed in manufacturing equipment and plant for the production of town gas, made from coal.

Originally started in 1937, as Foster and Seddon with premises in Salford. The company became Seddon Lorries in 1947 before moving to the Woodstock factory the following year. In 1970 the company acquired Atkinson and became known as Seddon-Atkinson, before being acquired itself by International Harvester in 1974.

David Bridge & Co was established in 1896, when David Bridge formed a partnership with his son Robert to manufacture Heywood & Bridge's patent friction clutch from their Gravel Ironworks site in Adelphi, Salford. David Bridge first set up in business in around 1891, operating as David Bridge, Engineer from the Salford site. On forming the partnership with his son, he handed over development of the company to Robert. Robert Bridge oversaw the introduction of the manufacture of other types of machinery, becoming known as engineers, millwrights and rubber machinists. In 1900, the company moved to Castleton Iron Works and Mayfield Iron Works, Castleton, Rochdale. From 1907, David Bridge & Co supplied machinery for the rubber plantation industry, and eventually manufactured all kinds of millwrights', hydraulic rubber, cable, and general engineering machinery. The company incorporated as David Bridge & Co Ltd in 1909. By 1922, its specialities included friction clutches and millgearing, rubber machinery for plantations and factories, hydraulic machinery, and high density horizontal baling presses. The company is known to have still been in existence in 1960, when it advertised its clutches in the Mechanical World Year Book.