Joy Division began in Salford in 1976. Guitarist Bernard Sumner (also known by the surnames Albrecht and Dicken) and bass player Peter Hook formed the band after attending one of the Sex Pistols gigs at Manchester's Lesser Free Trade Hall in 1976. The day following the gig, Hook borrowed £35 from his mother and bought a bass guitar from Mazel Radio on London Road, Manchester. Sumner already had a guitar. The pair rehearsed in Sumner’s grandparents’ house in Salford, their instruments wired into a gramophone instead of an amplifier. Sumner and Hook formed their first band with schoolfriend Terry Mason on drums. They tried to persuade another schoolfriend, Martin Gresty, to join as vocalist. When he declined, the band placed an advert for a singer in the Manchester branch of Virgin Records. Ian Curtis responded to the advert and was hired without an audition. Sumner, Hook and Mason knew Curtis from attending gigs in Manchester and got on well with him. The band was billed as Stiff Kittens on flyers for their first gig at the Electric Circus in Collyhurst, Manchester. The band was supporting Buzzcocks, and guitarist Pete Shelley and Buzzcocks manager Richard Boon suggested the name. The band changed the name to Warsaw shortly before the gig on 29 May 1977. This was a reference to the David Bowie song ‘Warszawa’ on his album Low. Two days before the gig, Tony Tabac joined Warsaw as drummer, with Terry Mason taking on the role of band manager. A month later, Steve Brotherdale replaced Tabac as drummer. Brotherdale also played in the punk band The Panik. Warsaw recorded five demo tracks at Pennine Sound Studios in Oldham, Lancashire in July 1977. Soon after the sessions, the band fired Brotherdale as drummer. The following month, Warsaw placed an advert for a drummer in Jones’ music shop in Macclesfield. Stephen Morris responded and met up with Curtis at his home. Curtis played Morris the demo tracks and the pair talked about their musical interests and the punk scene in Manchester. Morris joined Warsaw at a rehearsal at the Abraham Moss community centre in Crumpsall, Manchester the following week. Warsaw recorded tracks for a debut EP, An Ideal for Living, at Pennine Sound Studios in December 1977. They played the Swinging Apple in Liverpool on New Year’s Eve 1977, their last gig as Warsaw. A London punk band already had the name Warsaw Pakt and so, to avoid confusion, Warsaw renamed themselves Joy Division. The name came from the novel House of Dolls. Their first gig under the Joy Division name was at Pip’s Disco, Manchester, on 25 January 1978. In March 1978, RCA Records approached Joy Division to record a new wave cover version of a Northern Soul classic, ‘Keep on Keepin’ On’, for a compilation album. In April 1978, Joy Division met TV news reporter and broadcaster Tony Wilson and band manager Rob Gretton at a band contest, the Stiff/Chiswick Challenge, held at Rafters nightclub, Manchester. Gretton was also the house DJ at the nightclub. He was impressed by the band’s performance and offered to be their manager. Wilson was also impressed and, after being challenged by Curtis about why he had not yet put Joy Division onto his music show ‘So It Goes’, promised that they would be the next band he would showcase. Joy Division did not record the cover version for RCA Records. Instead the band recorded an album for RCA at Arrow Studios, Manchester in May 1978. They were not happy with the final mix and asked to be released from the RCA contract. Their debut record was the self-released EP ‘An Ideal for Living’, in June 1978. Tony Wilson’s late night music programme ‘So It Goes’ was cancelled before Joy Division was able to perform on it. In September 1978, the band made its television debut performing ‘Shadowplay’ on ‘What’s On’, Wilson’s music segment in the evening news magazine programme Granada Reports. In October 1978, Joy Division recorded two tracks for the Factory Records double 7-inch EP ‘A Factory Sample’. The band recorded with producer Martin Hannett at Cargo Recording Studios, Rochdale, Lancashire. They contributed two tracks, ‘Digital’ and ‘Glass’, to the EP. Joy Division then joined Factory's roster, with Gretton becoming a partner in the label to represent Joy Division’s interests. On 27 December, during the drive home from a gig in London, Curtis suffered his first recognised severe epileptic seizure and was hospitalised. He recovered in time to record a session for BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel in January 1979. In April 1979, Joy Division recorded their debut album ‘Unknown Pleasures’ at Strawberry Studios, Stockport, with Hannett again on production. Factory Records released the album in June 1979. The band performed on ‘What’s On’ the following month and made their only national TV appearance on BBC 2’s ‘Something Else’ in September 1979. From October 1979, they joined Buzzcocks on their UK tour. This allowed the band members to quit their regular jobs and become full time musicians. Joy Division is known for not releasing album tracks as singles. The band’s debut single was the track ‘Transmission’, released in November 1979. In January 1980, Joy Division toured Europe. The gig at Kant Kino in Berlin inspired the track ‘Komakino’, which Factory later gave away as a 7-inch flexi-disk in June 1980. Before that, in March 1980 Joy Division recorded their second album, ‘Closer’, at Pink Floyd’s Britannia Row studio in London. Hannett was the record’s producer. The same month they released two tracks recorded as part of the ‘Closer’ sessions, ‘Atmosphere’ and ‘Dead Souls’, as an art package called ‘Licht und Blindheit’ through the independent French record label Sordide Sentimental. Curtis’s health deteriorated during the recording of ‘Closer’. Depressed about the restrictions his epilepsy placed on his ability to perform live, he made his first suicide attempt in April 1980. The band was due to tour the USA in May 1980, to promote ‘Closer’. Curtis’s death by suicide the evening before the band was due to fly over to the USA prevented the tour taking place. In June 1980, Factory Records released Joy Division’s final single, ‘Love Will Tear Us Apart’. The following month, the label released ‘Closer’. Following Curtis’s death, the remaining members of Joy Division re-formed as New Order.

Ben Kelly is a British interior designer known for his work with Factory (Communications) Limited, particularly the interior design for the Haçienda nightclub in Manchester. Born in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, in 1949, Kelly moved to North Yorkshire with his family as a child and attended the local primary school in Appletreewick and Ermysted’s Grammar School in Skipton, before studying at Lancaster College of Art between 1964 and 1969. Kelly gained an MA in Interior Design from the Royal College of Art in 1974. Kelly’s first projects came in 1977, working with Paul Howie on his clothing boutique in Covent Garden, followed by a commission from Malcolm McLaren to design the interior for Seditionaries on the King’s Road, London. The following year, Kelly designed the Sex Pistol’s rehearsal studio in Denmark Street, London. Kelly’s design for the Howie shop incorporated Dexion frames, rubber flooring and metal mesh doors into an understated but influential design. In 1980, the cover for Kelly’s 1974 Master’s thesis inspired Peter Saville’s sleeve design for the 7-inch release of Joy Division’s ‘Love Will Tear Us Apart’. Kelly then collaborated with Peter Saville on graphic designs for Section 25’s single ‘Girls Don’t Count’, released on Factory Records, and Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark’s debut album on Dindisc. Kelly and Saville won a Designers and Art Directors Award for this sleeve design. Kelly’s next notable interior design project was the Haçienda nightclub for Factory (Communications) Limited on Whitworth Street West, Manchester, in 1982. This was followed by the design of Factory’s DRY 201 bard on Oldham Street, Manchester, in 1989 and the Factory Records HQ on Charles Street, Manchester, in 1990. The HQ was converted by Kelly into a nightclub, FAC 251 The Factory, in 2010. In 1995, Kelly designed The Basement at the Science Museum in London, followed in 2013 by designs for the museum’s Media Space. Kelly has also carried out exhibition design for the V&A and the Museum of London. In 2013, he designed the interior of the new British and Irish Modern Music Institute (BIMM) college in Manchester. Kelly was Chair of Interior and Spatial Design at the University of the Arts London from 2014 to 2017 and Visiting Professor of Interior Design at the Royal College of Art from 2015 to 2017. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Design by Kingston University in 2000.

Peter Saville is a British graphic designer and art director. He attended Manchester Polytechnic (now Manchester Metropolitan University) from 1975-1978 where he studied graphic design. He met local broadcaster Tony Wilson in 1978. Wilson commissioned Saville to design a poster for his Factory night at the Russell Club, Hulme. The poster became the first item in the Factory Catalogue. Saville was a Parftner in Factory Records along with Wilson, Alan Erasmus, Martin Hannett and Rob Gretton. He designed the record sleeves for many of the artists on Factory Records as well as stationery and other brand items for the company. He moved to London in 1979 and joined Dindisc as artistic director. He established his own studio, Peter Saville Associates, in the mid-1980s, working with Brett Wickens. He closed this studio in 1990 to join Pentagram. He moved to Los Angeles in 1993 to work for the advertising agency Frankfurt Balkind, but quickly returned to London where he re-opened his studio with Howard Wakefield. His design consultancy clients include Selfridges, Yohji Yamamoto, Stella McCartney and EMI. He became Creative Director of the City of Manchester in 2004.